हेलो दोस्तों, Tenses जिसको हिंदी में काल कहते हैं अंग्रेजी ग्रामर का बहुत ही जरूरी हिस्सा है और टेंस में "Present Tense" जिसको हिंदी में भूतकाल कहते हैं के कुछ Rules होते हैं। Grammar Pustak के इस भाग में आज हम Tense के Present Tense के चारों किस्मों की हिंदी में जानकारी देने वाले हैं। Present Tense के चार प्रकार होते हैं Present Tense की जानकारी, rules (नियम), types ( किस्मों) और उदाहरणों (Examples) की जानकारी हिंदी में दी गई है।
Present Tense in Hindi
First Present Indefinite Tense in Hindiइस tense के वाक्यों से ये प्रकट होता है कि कार्य के पूर्ण होने या अपूर्ण होने के बारे में कोई निश्चित बात नहीं कही जाती। इसलिए इसे indefinite कहते हैं।
See the Following chart
Examples:-
(A) Affirmative Sentences:-
- I go to my School daily.
- He does his work regularly.
- They live here.
(B) Negative Sentences
- I do not like tea.
- He doesn’t play Hockey.
- They don’t cheat others.
(C) Interrogative Sentences
- Do you like juice?
- Does Raj run a business?
- Do they belong to this town?
याद रखने योग्य बात :- यदि verb की first form के अंत में -o, -ss, sh, -ch, -x हो तो +es लगाओ।
जैसे - Go-goes, miss - misses, teach - teaches, wash - washes, mix - mixes
यदि verb की first form के अंत में -y से पहले कोई consonant हो तो -y को हटाकर + ies लगाया जाता है।
जैसे :- Carry - carries, fly – flies
Present Indefinite Tense use in Hindi with examples
Rule (A) आदत को प्रकट करने के लिए (Hobbies)
Examples
- My brother likes to collect stumps.
- Radhika loves gardening.
- I keep pet dogs.
(B) दैनिक कार्य को व्यक्त करने के लिए
Examples
- My father goes to his office at 9AM.
- He catches the first bus.
- The malls open at 9AM.
Rule (C) नियमित रूप से होने वाले कार्य को प्रकट करने के लिए (Habits)
Examples
- My grandfather takes milk daily.
- I get up early in the morning.
- Rohit does exercise daily.
Rule (D) सामान्य सत्य, कथन, स्थायी सत्य को प्रकट करने के लिए (General truth or sayings or permanent truths etc)
Examples
- God helps the needy.
- The soul is immortal.
- Honesty pays in the long run.
Rule (E) वैज्ञानिक तथ्यों को बताने के लिए (Scientific facts)
Examples
- Water boils at 100° C.
- The sun gives its own light.
- Water flows downward.
Rule (F) भूगोलिक तथ्यों को बताने के लिए (Geographical Facts)
Examples
- The earth moves around the sun.
- The sun rises in the east.
- The moon moves around the earth.
Rule (G) निकट भविष्य में घटित होने वाले actions को व्यक्त करने वाले के लिए (Near Future)
Examples
- His birthday comes off next Monday.
- We leave for Delhi next week.
- My brother comes tonight.
Rule (H) हाल में या मौजूदा समय में घटित होने वाली घटनाओं को व्यक्त करने के लिए (to express present मोमेंट)
Examples
- I live at Adarsh Nagar
- My brother reads in 10th class.
Rule (I) कहानी में घटित घटना को व्यक्त करने के लिए (In Dramatic narratives)
Examples
- In this film Presh Rawal plays the role of an old actor.
- Here comes the chief guest.
- The hero meets the heroine at a platform.
(J) Running Commentaries को Broadcast करते समय
Ronaldo takes the ball, enters the D of the opposite team, hits the ball and scores the goal.
(K) Conditional Clause
Examples
- If you work hard, you will succeed.
- I shall wait for you, till you came back.
- If everybody agrees, we shall go for a picnic.
(L) Exclamatory Sentences
Examples
- How beautiful she looks!
- What a lovely flower it is!
- How foolish you look!
- (M) Impressive Sentences
- Obey your seniors.
- Don’t hate anybody.
- Never befool others.
(N) To introduce Quotations
- Francis Bacon says, “Some books are to be chewed and digested”.
- Netaji says, “Give me blood, I will give you freedom”.
Second Present Continuous Tense in Hindi
इस तरह के tenses से ज्ञात होता है कि काम अभी चला हुआ है अर्थात समाप्त नहीं हुआ है।
See the Following chart
Examples:-
- मैं चाय पी रहा हूँ।
- I am drinking tea.
- हम टेनिस खेल रहे हैं।
- We are playing tennis.
याद रखने योग्य बातें (Note)
Present Continuous Tense in Hindi:-
Present Continuous Tense से ज्ञात होता है कि काम चल रहा है।
See the following chart.
Example:-
- I am writing a book.
- She is watching TV.
- We are playing Hockey.
याद रखने योग्य बातें:-
यदि verb के अंत में "e" हो तो +ing लगाते समय 'e' हटाना पड़ता है। जैसे come + ing = coming, advise+ing= advising
यदि verb करे अंत men "ie" हो तो +ing लगाते समय 'ie' का y हो जाता है। जैसे:- die+ing = dying, lie+ing = lying .
यदि verb के अंतिम अक्षर (w, r, y को छोड़कर) के पहले कोई vowel हो तो +ing लगते समय अंतिम अक्षर को दो बार लिखा जाता है। जैसे :- run+ing =rinning, put+ing =putting.
Use of Present Continuous Tense in Hindi
Rule :- बात करते समय हो रहे action को प्रकट करने के लिए अर्थात Now, now-a-days, these days, at this time, at present, still, at the moment आदि adverb तथा adverb phrases में से कोई एक दे रखा हो। जैसे:-
- The woman is writing a letter.
- Why are you wasting your time?
Rule No 1:- निकट भविष्य में होने वाले action को प्रकट करने के लिए जैसे :-
- We are going on a picnic tomorrow.
- The school is closing next Saturday on account of Diwali.
Rule No 2:- Temporary situations को वयक्त करने के लिए
जैसे:-
- What is your brother doing at this college?
- My Uncle is teaching English at this college.
Rule No 3:- वर्तमान झुकाव के लिए (Current Trends)
जैसे:-
Examples
- These days’ people are becoming found of fast food.
- Voters are becoming aware of their rights.
Rule No 3:- आदत अथवा रीति के लिए (Habit or a custom)
जैसे:-
Examples
- All our teachers are taking pens in teaching us.
- Modern women are taking care of their rights.
Rule No 4:- निकट भविष्य में होने वाले planned action को व्यक्त करने के लिए
जैसे:-
Examples
- The doctors are doing to operate on his father next Monday.
- We are going on a picnic tomorrow.
Rule No 5:- निरंतर होने वाले action को बताने के लिए (Repeated action )
जैसे:-
Examples
- Site is always talking in class.
- The two brothers are always quarreling.
Deliberate action:-
Examples
- The government is thinking of controlling inflation.
- We are taking your problems into consideration.
Third Present Perfect Tense in Hindi
Present perfect tense से ज्ञात होता है की कार्य खत्म हो गया है, किन्त्तु कार्य को समाप्त हुए जायदा एमी नहीं हुआ है।
See the following chart:-
Example:-
- I have finished my work.
- She has kept her word.
Use of Present Indefinite Tense in Hindi:-
Completed activities in the immediate past.
Examples
- I have completed the chapter.
- She has finished her work.
- She has not done his work.
भूतकाल में उस हुए action को व्यक्त करते समय, जिसका अनुवाद वर्तमान के चिन्होँ अथवा प्रमाणों से लगता है।
जैसे:-
- She has been ill since Monday.
- I have looked after my parents for many years.
भूतकाल के अनुवाद का वर्णन करते समय
- Viraat Kohli has made too many centuries.
- They have raised a lot of money.
ऐसे action का वर्णन करने के लिए जो थोड़े समय पहले समाप्त हुआ हो और जिसमें already, just now, presently, often, so far, as yet, till, now का प्रयोग हुआ हो।
- I have already deposited my fee.
- She has not come so far.
- My scooter has often troubled me.
Forth Present Perfect Continuous Tense in Hindi:-
ये ऐसे कार्य को व्यक्त करता है जो पिछले समय से आरम्भ होकर अब भी जारी हो।
See the chart:-
Uses of Present Perfect Continuous Tense in Hindi:-
Rule No 1:- कार्य बीते हुए समय में किसी निदिर्ष्ट समय पर आरम्भ हुआ था व् वर्तमान समय में जारी है।
- Pooja has been studying since 6 AM.
- We have been living here for ten years.
- Have you not been running this business since 2000?
Rule No 2:- निरंतर चल रहे action को व्यक्त करने के लिए
- I have been asking him to stop drinking.
- He is ruined because he has been wasting his money.
Rule No 3:- परिणाम बातें के लिए
- Rupali has stood first; she has been studying very hard.
- His eyes are red; he must have been working at night.